The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.